Yadda za a lissafta daidaitawar da ta dace don ƙaramin tsarin kashe-grid na ku?

Shin kun taɓa tunanin yin amfani da naku tsarin wutar lantarki a cikin gidan dutse, jirgin kamun kifi, ko RV don kuɓuta daga dogaro da grid na jama'a?

A gaskiya, wannan ba wani abu ba ne kawai injiniyoyi za su iya cim ma. Muddin kun ƙware ƴan matakai masu mahimmanci da dabaru, zaku iya ƙididdige madaidaicin tsari don ƙaramin tsarin hotovoltaic na ku.

Tsarin hasken rana da ke kashe wutar lantarki yana nufin wani tsari mai zaman kansa wanda baya dogaro da grid na jama'a, maimakon haka ya dogara kacokan akan samar da wutar lantarki da adana batir don biyan bukatun wutar lantarki. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi a wurare masu nisa na tsaunuka, tsibirai, yankunan makiyaya, RVs, kwale-kwalen kamun kifi, da sauran wuraren da ke da ƙarfin grid mara ƙarfi.

A ƙasa, za mu jagorance ku ta matakai huɗu don ƙididdige tsarin da ake buƙata.

Mataki 1: Ƙayyade ƙarfin ƙirar hotovoltaic

Ƙarfin ɓangarorin hoto (hanyoyin hasken rana) yana ƙayyade yawan wutar lantarki na tsarin ku zai iya samarwa.

Babban tsarin lissafin shine: da farko ƙayyade buƙatar wutar lantarki na yau da kullum, sannan ku haɗa shi da yanayin yanayi na gida (musamman tsawon lokacin rana) don ƙayyade yawan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic.

Formula:

Module Power = (Buƙatar wutar lantarki ta yau da kullun × Ci gaba da faɗuwar rana ga girgije) ÷ (Matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na gida × ingantaccen tsarin)

* Amfanin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun: Ana iya ƙididdige wannan ta hanyar ƙididdige ƙimar ƙarfin duk na'urorin da aka ninka ta lokacin amfani.

Misali, hasken LED 10W × 5 hours = 50Wh, firiji 60W × 24 hours = 1440Wh.

* Rage abubuwan da ke ci gaba da gizagizai: Don ƙididdige ƙarancin samar da wutar lantarki a cikin ranakun gizagizai, yawanci ana saita wannan yanayin tsakanin 1.1 da 1.3.

* Matsakaicin sa'o'in hasken rana na gida: Ana iya samun wannan daga bayanan yanayi na gida. Misali, Beijing tana da matsakaicin kusan sa'o'i 4 na hasken rana a kowace rana, yayin da Hainan na iya samun sama da sa'o'i 5.

* Ingantaccen tsarin: Wannan yana lissafin asarar kebul, ingantaccen mai sarrafawa, asarar inverter, da sauransu, kuma ana saita shi gabaɗaya tsakanin 0.75 da 0.8.

Misali:

Tsammanin yawan wutar lantarkin ku na yau da kullun shine 3,000 Wh, matsakaicin matsakaicin lokacin hasken rana na gida shine awanni 4.5, ingantaccen tsarin shine 0.78, kuma ci gaba da yawan ruwan sama shine 1.2:

Module ikon = (3,000 × 1.2) ÷ (4.5 × 0.78) ≈ 1,026 W

Wannan yana nufin kana buƙatar shigar da bangarorin photovoltaic tare da jimlar ƙarfin kusan 1 kW, kamar nau'ikan 250 W guda huɗu.

Mataki 2: Ƙayyade ikon inverter na kashe-grid

Mai jujjuyawar yana juyar da halin yanzu kai tsaye (DC) daga faifan hoto ko batura zuwa madaidaicin halin yanzu (AC) don amfani da kayan aikin gida na yau da kullun.

Dole ne ƙarfinsa ya isa don biyan iyakar buƙatar wutar lantarki na gaggawa, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da halin da ake ciki na inductive lodi (na'urorin da ke tuka mota).

Formula:

Ƙarfin jujjuyawar wuta = (Jimlar ƙarfin lodi mai juriya + Jimlar ƙarfin lodin inductive × 5) × Factor Margin ÷ Factor factor

* Nauyin juriya: na'urori masu juriya irin su fitulun wuta, tantunan lantarki, da tanda.

* Nau'in inductive: Kayan aiki tare da injina ko compressors, kamar firji, famfo ruwa, na'urorin sanyaya iska, da sauransu. Ƙarfin nan take yayin farawa na iya zama sau 5-7 akan ƙididdige ƙarfin.

* Fasali na aminci: Yawanci an saita shi a 1.2-1.5 don tabbatar da gefe.

* Matsakaicin ƙarfi: Yawanci an saita shi a 0.8-0.9.

Example:

Zaton kuna da na'ura mai haske na 200W (nauyin juriya), firiji na 100W (nauyin inductive), ƙimar gefe na 1.3, da ƙarfin ƙarfin 0.85:

Inverter ikon = (200 + 100 × 5) × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ (200 + 500) × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ 700 × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

1070 W

Kuna buƙatar inverter tare da ƙaramin ƙarfin 1.1 kW, kuma ana bada shawara don zaɓar samfurin 1.5 kW don ƙarin kwanciyar hankali.

Mataki 3: Ƙayyade ƙarfin baturi

Baturin shine "ajiya na wutar lantarki" na tsarin kashe wutar lantarki, kuma wutar lantarki da ake amfani da ita da daddare ko a ranakun gajimare ta fito ne daga gare ta. Ƙarfin ya dogara da adadin kwanakin da kuke buƙatar ci gaba da samar da wutar lantarki da yawan wutar lantarki na yau da kullum.

Formula:

Ƙarfin baturi (Ah) = (Yin amfani da wutar lantarki yau da kullum × Yawan kwanakin samar da wutar lantarki a ranakun girgije) ÷ ( Zurfin fitarwa × Ƙarfin caji/jin aiki × ƙarfin lantarki fakitin baturi)

* Zurfin Fitar (DOD): Don batirin gubar-acid, ana ba da shawarar DOD na 0.5-0.6; don batirin lithium, DOD na 0.8-0.9 abin karɓa ne.

* Ingantaccen Caji/Ciki: An saita yawanci a 0.85-0.9.

* Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na Bankin Baturi: Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gama gari sun haɗa da 12V, 24V, da 48V; Ana ba da shawarar ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma don buƙatun wutar lantarki.

Example:

Zaton kuna amfani da 3000Wh kowace rana kuma kuna son samun iko na kwanaki 2 na yanayin girgije, ta amfani da baturin lithium 48V (DOD=0.9, inganci=0.9):

Ƙarfin baturi = (3000 × 2) ÷ (0.9 × 0.9 × 48)

≈ 6000 ÷ 38.88

≈ 154 Ah

Kuna buƙatar fakitin baturi 48V 154Ah (kimanin 7.4kWh).

Mataki 4: Ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun abubuwan sarrafawa

Mai sarrafa hoto yana daidaita tsarin caji daga kayan aikin hoto zuwa baturi.

Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun sa da farko sun dogara da matsakaicin matsakaicin halin yanzu, ƙididdiga ta amfani da dabara mai zuwa:

Formula:

Shigar da mai sarrafawa na yanzu = Matsakaicin iko na kayan aikin hotovoltaic ÷ fakitin wutar lantarki

Misali, idan fakitin hoton ku yana da jimlar ƙarfin 1000W kuma fakitin ƙarfin baturi shine 48V:

Mai sarrafawa na yanzu = 1000 ÷ 48 ≈ 20.8A

Don haka, kuna buƙatar zaɓar mai sarrafawa tare da shigarwar halin yanzu sama da 21A, yawanci nau'in MPPT (mafi girman inganci, mafi fa'ida a ranakun girgije).

Nasihu masu Aiki

1. Bada izinin gefe: Tsawon rayuwa da kwanciyar hankali na kayan aiki sun dogara da ƙirar sake fasalin da ya dace; kar a gyara sigogi da tsauri sosai.
2. MPPT ya fi PWM girma: Kodayake masu kula da MPPT sun ɗan fi tsada, suna ba da ingantaccen ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki, musamman a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske mara ƙarfi.
3. Ba da fifikon batirin lithium-ion: Sun kasance m, marasa nauyi, kuma suna iya zurfafa zurfafawa, suna ba da ajiyar farashi na dogon lokaci.
4. Tsara don faɗaɗa gaba: Idan kuna tsammanin ƙara ƙarin kayan aiki a nan gaba, tabbatar da isassun ƙarfin dubawa don duka tsarin hoto da batura.

Mahimmancin tsara ƙaramin tsarin hotovoltaic na kashe-grid ya ta'allaka ne a daidai ƙididdige ƙididdigewa bisa ainihin buƙatun, maimakon kawai "siyan 'yan bangarori da batura" da kiran shi a rana.

Jagora waɗannan dabaru guda 4:

1. Tsarin wutar lantarki na Photovoltaic
2. Tsarin ikon inverter
3. Tsarin ƙarfin baturi
4. shigar da dabarar halin yanzu mai sarrafawa

Sannan zaku iya ƙididdige ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun grid wanda duka ya isa kuma ya tsaya.

Lokacin zayyana a karon farko, zaku iya ƙara ƙarin 10%-20% gefe dangane da sakamakon dabara, yana ba da damar ƙarin sassauci wajen sarrafa canjin yanayi da faɗaɗa kayan aiki.