Ta yaya ake haɗa PV mai haɗin grid zuwa grid?

A cikin yanayin canjin makamashi na yau, samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic, a matsayin nau'i mai tsabta da sabuntawa, ana amfani da shi sosai. Gidan da aka haɗa da grid na tashar wutar lantarki na photovoltaic shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don haɗin tsarin hoto da wutar lantarki, kuma mahimmancinsa yana bayyana kansa.

Na farko, ka'idar aiki na grid-connected cabinet of photovoltaic power station
Juyin wutar lantarki da watsawa
Fanalan hasken rana a cikin shuke-shuken wutar lantarki na photovoltaic suna canza makamashin hasken rana zuwa halin yanzu kai tsaye. Bayan an tattara DC ta cikin akwatin bas, ta shiga cikin inverter. Inverter yana jujjuya halin yanzu kai tsaye zuwa alternating current, kuma abin da yake fitarwa alternating current yana da mitoci da lokaci iri ɗaya da grid ɗin wuta.
Ikon AC da mai inverter ya juyo yana shiga majalisar da aka haɗa grid na tashar wutar lantarki ta hotovoltaic. Mai watsewar kewayawa da keɓewar keɓewa a cikin majalisar da aka haɗa grid suna da alhakin sarrafa hanyar watsa wutar lantarki. Lokacin da komai ya kasance na al'ada, ana rufe maɓallin kewayawa, kuma ana watsa madaidaicin halin yanzu zuwa grid ta cikin majalisar grid.

Aiwatar da aikin kariya
Kariyar kan wuce gona da iri: Lokacin da halin yanzu ya wuce ƙimar da aka saita, na'urar kariya ta wuce gona da iri za ta yi gaggawar yanke da'ira. Wannan yawanci ta hanyar transfoma na yanzu don gano girman halin yanzu, lokacin da na yanzu ya wuce matakin da aka saita, yana haifar da balaguron kewayawa.
Kariyar wuce gona da iri: Lokacin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya yi girma sosai, na'urar kariya ta overvoltage za ta fara hana kayan aiki daga lalacewa saboda yawan wutar lantarki. Kariyar overvoltage na iya gano ƙarfin grid ɗin wutar lantarki ta hanyar mai canza wuta, lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki ya wuce ƙimar da aka saita, yana haifar da balaguron kewayawa ko aika siginar ƙararrawa.
Ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki: Ya bambanta da kariyar overvoltage, lokacin da wutar lantarki ta yi ƙasa da ƙasa, na'urar kariyar ƙarancin wuta za ta yi aiki don kare tsayayyen aiki na kayan aiki da grid. Hakazalika, kariyar ƙarancin wutar lantarki kuma tana gano ƙarfin grid ɗin wutar lantarki ta hanyar wutar lantarki, kuma yana haifar da aikin kariya daidai lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki ya yi ƙasa da ƙimar da aka saita.
Kariyar gajeren zango: Lokacin da kuskuren ɗan gajeren lokaci ya faru a cikin kewaye, na'urar kariyar gajeriyar za ta yanke da'irar nan da nan don hana faɗaɗa kuskuren. Ana samun gajeriyar kariyar da'ira yawanci tare da fiusi mai sauri ko masu watsewar kewayawa.

Kulawa da ayyukan sarrafawa
Gidan da aka haɗa da grid na tashar wutar lantarki na photovoltaic sanye take da kayan aiki daban-daban da na'urori masu auna firikwensin don saka idanu na gaske na ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, iko, mita da sauran sigogi. Ana iya nuna waɗannan sigogi ga mai aiki ta hanyar allon nuni ko tsarin sadarwa mai nisa don fahimtar yanayin aiki na tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic akan lokaci.
Tsarin sarrafawa na iya sarrafawa da nisa da daidaita tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic bisa ga sigogin da aka sa ido. Alal misali, lokacin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya yi yawa, za a iya rage ikon fitarwa na tashar wutar lantarki ta hanyar tsarin sarrafawa; Lokacin da mitar grid ba ta da ƙarfi, ana iya daidaita mitar fitarwa na inverter don kiyaye shi daidai da mitar grid.
Na biyu, yanayin haɗin grid ɗin da aka haɗa da grid na tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic da grid na wutar lantarki.

Haɗin grid kai tsaye
Haɗin grid kai tsaye shine nau'in haɗin da aka fi sani. A cikin wannan yanayin haɗin kai, madaidaicin grid mai haɗin ginin tashar wutar lantarki na photovoltaic yana haɗa kai tsaye zuwa matsakaici ko ƙananan layin wutar lantarki ta hanyar keɓancewar kewayawa, keɓancewa da sauran kayan aiki.
Amfanin haɗin haɗin kai tsaye shine tsari mai sauƙi, ƙananan farashi da babban inganci. Koyaya, wannan yanayin haɗin yana da manyan buƙatu don ingancin ikon fitarwa na tashoshin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic, kuma dole ne ya dace da ƙayyadaddun fasaha da buƙatun grid. A lokaci guda, haɗin grid kai tsaye shima yana buƙatar la'akari da kwanciyar hankali da amincin grid ɗin wutar lantarki don gujewa mummunan tasiri akan grid ɗin wutar lantarki.

Haɗa zuwa grid ta hanyar wuta
Haɗin wutar lantarki shine haɗa tafsiri tsakanin tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic da grid ɗin wuta. Masu canji na iya ɗagawa ko rage ƙarfin fitarwa na tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic zuwa matakin ƙarfin lantarki wanda yayi daidai da grid.
Amfanin haɗa grid ta hanyar mai canzawa shine cewa zai iya inganta ƙarfin fitarwa na tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic, rage asarar layin, kuma yana taka rawar warewa da kariya. Duk da haka, wannan hanyar haɗin yanar gizon yana da tsada, ya mamaye babban yanki, kuma asarar na'urar za ta rage yawan ingancin tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic.

Haɗin microgrid
Microgrid ƙaramin tsarin wuta ne wanda ya ƙunshi rarraba wutar lantarki, na'urar ajiyar makamashi da kaya. Ana iya haɗa tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic zuwa microgrid ta cikin majalisar da aka haɗa da grid kuma ta zama wani ɓangare na microgrid.
Hanyar haɗin microgrid na iya inganta aminci da kwanciyar hankali na tashoshin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic, amma kuma zai iya cimma ingantaccen amfani da sarrafa makamashi. A cikin microgrids, tsire-tsire na photovoltaic na iya aiki tare da sauran hanyoyin wutar lantarki da aka rarraba don saduwa da bukatun kayan gida. Lokacin da aka haɗa microgrid zuwa babban grid, ana iya gane kwararar wutar lantarki ta bidirectional don inganta ingantaccen amfani da makamashi.

Shigarwa da kuma kula da ma'auni mai haɗin grid na tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic
Bukatun shigarwa
Shigar da kabad ɗin da aka haɗa da grid na tashoshin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic zai bi ka'idodin aminci na lantarki da ma'auni. Wurin shigarwa ya kamata ya kasance a cikin bushe, wuri mai kyau wanda yake da sauƙin aiki da kulawa.
Ya kamata a shigar da majalisar da ke da haɗin grid amintacciya kuma ta ƙasa sosai. Ya kamata a haɗa igiyoyi daidai don guje wa kuskure kamar gajeriyar kewayawa da ƙasa.
A lokacin aikin shigarwa, ya kamata a biya hankali don kare kayan aiki da mita a cikin ginin da aka haɗa da grid don kauce wa lalacewa. A lokaci guda, ya kamata kuma a gudanar da tsauraran gwajin wutar lantarki da gyara kurakurai don tabbatar da cewa ayyukan majalisar da aka haɗa grid sun kasance na al'ada.
goyon baya
Bincika da kula da majalisar da aka haɗa grid na tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic akai-akai, gami da kayan tsaftacewa, duba haɗin kebul, na'urorin kariya na gwaji, da sauransu.
Lura da yanayin gudana na majalisar ministocin da aka haɗa grid. Idan an sami wani yanayi mara kyau, magance shi cikin lokaci. Misali, lokacin da na'urar ke watsewa ta lalace, nunin kayan aikin ba shi da kyau, da dai sauransu, ya kamata a bincika kuma a gyara shi nan da nan.
Ana daidaita kayan aiki da kayan aikin da ke cikin majalisar da aka haɗa da grid kuma ana gwada su akai-akai don tabbatar da daidaito da amincin su.
Ƙarfafa tsarin kula da aminci na kaset ɗin da ke da alaƙa da grid don hana waɗanda ba ƙwararru ba daga ɓarna ko lalata kayan aiki.