Yaya wahalar ayyukan photovoltaic na tsakiya?

Ƙaddamar da makasudin "dual carbon", ayyuka na tsakiya na photovoltaic sun fito ne daga yawancin ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic kuma sun zama muhimmiyar ci gaba a fagen makamashi mai sabuntawa. Ayyukan photovoltaic na tsakiya suna da alaƙa da babban sikelin da ingantaccen inganci. Amma daidai ne saboda girman girman cewa ci gaba da tsarin gine-gine na ayyukan photovoltaic na tsakiya ya ƙunshi hadaddun hanyoyi da hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da zaɓin wurin, sayan kayan aiki, shigarwa, ƙaddamarwa da sauran hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, kuma yana da fasaha, manufofi da ƙalubalen muhalli.

1. Tsarin ci gaba da gina ayyukan photovoltaic na tsakiya

Binciken farko da zaɓin wurin

Mataki na farko na aikin photovoltaic na tsakiya shine zaɓin rukunin yanar gizo. Ya zama dole a kimanta yanayin hasken wuta, yanayin ƙasa, kaddarorin ƙasa da nisan isa ga grid ta hanyar fasaha kamar ɗaukar hoto na iska da binciken ƙasa.

Misali, tashar wutar lantarki mai karfin megawatt 500 a yammacin Sichuan tana kan tudu sama da mita 4,000 sama da matakin teku. Ba wai kawai yana buƙatar mu'amala da ƙasa mai sarƙaƙƙiya ba, har ma yana buƙatar daidaita alaƙar da ke tsakanin kiwo da aikin gine-ginen makiyaya. A ƙarshe, ta hanyar ɗaga shinge zuwa fiye da mita 1.8, an sami daidaituwar zaman lafiya na "photovoltaic + kiwon dabbobi".

Samuwar filaye da gudanar da ayyuka

Ayyukan photovoltaic na tsakiya sun ƙunshi amfani da ƙasa mai girma, don haka ana buƙatar samun ƙasa da hanyoyin amincewar gudanarwa iri-iri. Wannan tsari ba wai kawai ya ƙunshi tattaunawa da samun masu mallakar filaye ba, har ma yana buƙatar bin dokoki da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa da kuma kammala hanyoyin amfani da ƙasa na doka.

Samuwar filaye da diyya: Masu haɓakawa suna buƙatar cimma yarjejeniya tare da masu mallakar filaye don tsara yadda ya kamata a biya diyya da kuma abubuwan amfani da fili don tabbatar da samun albarkatun ƙasa cikin sauƙi.

Izinin Gudanarwa: Masu haɓakawa suna buƙatar ƙaddamar da rahoton amincewar ayyukan, rahotannin tantance tasirin muhalli, da sauransu ga ƙaramar hukuma don samun izini da izini masu dacewa. Wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwar galibi tana shafar hanyoyin amincewar gwamnati da canje-canjen manufofin, wanda zai iya haifar da ɗan jinkiri na lokaci.

Gudanar da aikin gine-gine da aikin injiniya

Injiniyan farar hula, shigarwar kayan aiki da ƙaddamar da haɗin gwiwar grid suna buƙatar haɗin kai yayin aikin ginin. Bugu da ƙari, cikakkun bayanai na fasaha irin su zaɓin kayan aiki (kamar faifan hotuna masu nauyi) da ƙira mai ƙira (iska da juriya na girgizar ƙasa) suna shafar ingantaccen aiki da aminci kai tsaye.

Haɗin grid da aiki da kiyayewa

Ƙarfin ɗaukar grid shine ainihin maƙarƙashiyar haɗin grid. Rashin isassun ƙarfin grid da jujjuyawar samar da wutar lantarki suna haifar da matsalolin sha, kuma wasu yankuna ma an jera su a matsayin “jajayen faɗakarwa.” Taimakawa wuraren ajiyar makamashi don santsi da fitarwa; daidaita shirye-shirye tare da kamfanonin grid na wutar lantarki a gaba don tabbatar da yiwuwar samun dama; da shimfiɗa hadedde "tushen, grid, kaya da ajiya" ayyukan suna da mahimmanci musamman.

2. Wahala a cikin ci gaban ayyukan photovoltaic na tsakiya

Wahalar amfani da ƙasa don ayyuka

Ayyukan farko a cikin ci gaba da ayyukan photovoltaic shine samun albarkatun ƙasa masu dacewa. Duk da haka, ƙarancin albarkatun ƙasa na yanzu ya zama babban abin da ke hana ci gaban ayyukan hoto. Musamman a yankunan tsakiya da gabas da tattalin arzikin da suka ci gaba da kuma bukatu mai yawa na makamashi, gasar albarkatun kasa ta yi zafi sosai. A sa'i daya kuma, yawan fitar da sabbin alamomin makamashi ya kara tsananta tashin hankalin albarkatun kasa masu bin ka'ida. Wannan ya haifar da yawancin ayyukan photovoltaic don fadawa cikin matsaloli a matakin zaɓin wurin, yana sa da wuya a sami isasshen ƙasa mai dacewa don ci gaba.

Tashin farashin da ba na fasaha ba

Tare da saurin ci gaba na masana'antar hoto, yawan kuɗin da ba na fasaha ba a cikin ci gaban aikin ya karu a hankali. Kananan hukumomi suna fuskantar matsananciyar kudade kuma sun bukaci saukowar masana'antu da daidaita kayan aiki, wanda ya haifar da haɓakar haɓakar farashin ci gaban ayyukan hoto. Rage raguwar farashin kayan aiki ya ragu ta hanyar farashin da ba na fasaha ba da kuma kudade na tsaka-tsaki, wanda ya matsa lamba ga ribar masu haɓaka hotovoltaic.

3. Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa

Sichuan Maerkang babban aikin daukar hoto

Aikin yana cikin garin Dazang da ke birnin Maerkang na lardin Aba, mai tsayin mita 3,500-4,300, da fadin fadin kasar mu 7,607, jimillar kudin da aka kashe ya kai yuan biliyan 2.198, da karfin ikon da ya kai kilowatt 400,000. Aikin ya yi amfani da kayan aikin gilashi mai fuska biyu da kafaffen fasahar shinge, tare da tashoshi masu ƙarfi 220kV da layin watsawa mai tsawon kilomita 52.7. Tsarin kudin shiga na aikin ya hada da samar da wutar lantarki, kudin shiga na iskar carbon da karin kudin shiga na muhalli, tare da yawan kudaden shiga na yuan miliyan 164.9 kowace shekara. Aikin yana fuskantar matsananciyar ƙalubalen yanayi a wurare masu tsayi. Ta hanyar sabbin fasahohi da matakan ramuwa na muhalli, ana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na aikin.

Ma'ajiyar hotovoltaic hade tashar wuta

50MW photovoltaic + 15MW baturi makamashi hadaddun tashar tashar wutar lantarki babban sikelin kasuwanci photovoltaic ajiya hada ikon tashar. Aikin yana magance matsalar watsawa da kuma amfani da manyan ma'aunin wutar lantarki ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar adana hotuna da aka haɗa da yanayin samar da wutar lantarki, kuma yana ba da nuni ga babban haɗin grid na sabon makamashi. Bayanan aikin aikin ya nuna cewa tsarin ajiyar makamashi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage yawan samar da wutar lantarki da aka yi watsi da shi da kuma inganta ingancin wutar lantarki.

Yumen Oilfield 200MW Photovoltaic Project

A matsayin aikin samar da wutar lantarki na farko na PetroChina, yawan samar da wutar lantarki na Yumen Oilfield 200MW aikin daukar wutar lantarki ya zarce kWh biliyan 1, wanda ke nuna sabon ci gaba a canjin makamashi na PetroChina. Aikin ya sami nasarar aiki ba tare da wani mutum ba ta hanyar kulawa da hankali da kuma inganta ingantaccen bayanai na aiki da dabarun kulawa, da kuma tabbatar da haɗin kai akan lokaci ta hanyar faɗaɗa tashar samun wutar lantarki.

4. Yaya wahalar aikin photovoltaic na tsakiya?

Bayan karanta abubuwan da ke sama, duba baya ga tambayar a farkon labarin, "Yaya wahalar aikin photovoltaic na tsakiya?" Ana iya cewa wahalar ba karama ba ce. Don sanya shi a sauƙaƙe, akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a yi la’akari da su. Daga kafa aikin, zaɓin wurin zuwa gini, haɗin grid, da aiki daga baya da kiyayewa, kowane mataki yana buƙatar tsarawa da aiwatarwa a hankali. Duk da haka, ayyukan photovoltaic na tsakiya har yanzu suna da mahimmancin jagorancin ci gaba a cikin filin makamashi na gaba tare da tasirin su da kuma dorewa. Don kamfanoni ko mutanen da ke sha'awar haɓaka ayyukan hoto, zurfin fahimtar duk tsarin gine-gine na ayyukan hoto da yin cikakken shirye-shirye shine mabuɗin nasara.